BGR Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

Commodity reports

Title page Rare Earths of Mongolia: Evaluation of Market Opportunities for the Principal Deposits of Mongolia

Rare Earths of Mongolia: Evaluation of Market Opportunities for the Principal Deposits of Mongolia
2nd Edition – Update 2023

Mongolia is among the eight countries most dependent on mineral exports worldwide. The mineral resources sector contributes around 30% to the country’s GDP and generates about a quarter of the national tax revenue. Mining products make up 90% of the country’s export volume and the countries’ economic development largely depends on revenues from the extractives sector. However, rare earth deposits in Mongolia are mostly in an early exploration stage. With regard to increasing global demand for rare earths, the main objective of this study was to rank a selection of Mongolia's rare earth deposits relative to the world market and evaluate them against relevant exploration criteria (including ore deposit quality, economic criteria, infrastructure, governance and environmental criteria).
The study was produced as part of the German-Mongolian cooperation project "Capacity Development of the Mineral Resources Sector in Mongolia II", which was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). It was prepared by the project partners BGR and MRPAM (Mineral Resources and Petroleum Authority of Mongolia) and is an update of a 2013 report.

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The implementation of due diligence in 3TG supply chains. The cases of Burkina Faso, Mozambique and Nigeria

The implementation of due diligence in 3TG supply chains
The cases of Burkina Faso, Mozambique and Nigeria

Mineral supply chains exhibit multiple risks of due diligence violations, e.g. child labour, conflict financing or money laundering. To minimise these risks, due diligence obligations in the extractive sector must be consistently monitored and complied. The EU Regulation on minerals from conflict and high-risk areas aims to prevent conflict financing through revenues from minerals production and trade and to counter associated human rights violations through binding due diligence. As part of this BGR study, research was conducted in the countries of Burkina Faso, Mozambique and Nigeria to analyse local mineral production and to identify due diligence risks arising in 3TG supply chains. In particular, the study looks at challenges and possible barriers to the implementation of due diligence. Finally, recommendations are developed on how different actors can support the implementation of due diligence. The study is available in English language.

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Sustainability Standard Systems for Mineral Resources

Sustainability Standard Systems for Mineral Resources: A Comparative Overview – 2022

The mining and mineral processing industry as well as downstream manufacturing companies are facing growing expectations in terms of ensuring responsible practice and supply chains – including minimizing negative impacts and contributing to sustainable development. As a response, the landscape of sustainability standard systems to support company due diligence and assess responsible production and sourcing has been constantly growing in recent years. To inform about standard systems currently applied BGR has published a report on sustainability standard systems. It comprises a detailed analysis of eleven currently relevant systems and includes mining related systems as well as supply chain related systems. The analysis covers governance, content and implementation issues, as well as a comparison with the EU principles for sustainable raw materials, a first general reference for responsible mining in the EU. Furthermore, the report provides a fact sheet for each standard system. The report also serves as an update of a first report on standard systems (at that time referred to as schemes) for mineral resources from 2017.

Annex from „Sustainability Standard Systems for Mineral Resources: A Comparative Overview – 2022” with comments on the comparison of single requirements of the standard systems to the EU principles (vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet, 120 KB)

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Title page GeoERA Raw Materials Monograph - the past and the future

GeoERA Raw Materials Monograph ‒ the past and the future

Mineral raw materials are indispensable! This statement applies in everyday life as well as in health care, in the implementation of the energy transition or for national defence.
A responsible supply from domestic sources is a key element for reliable and future-oriented raw material security in Europe. Verified data and coherent information on raw materials, mines, deposits and resources - also across political borders - form the basis for sound and resilient decisions. Forty national and regional geological services and marine research institutes exchanged expertise and information to provide an improved EU raw materials database on European onshore and offshore resources.
The monograph "GeoERA Raw Materials - the past and the future” - gives an insight into GeoERA's four scientific raw materials projects - EuroLithos, FRAME, MINDeSEA and MINTELL4EU and their main products, results and further work. However, such information is a snapshot and continues to require constant updating and improvement.

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Kaolin deposit Hassi Abyad, Mauritania

Kaolin deposit Hassi Abyad, Mauritania

About one third of Mauritania's government revenue is generated by the mining sector. So far, the Mauritanian mining sector has focused on the extraction of metallic ores such as iron, gold and copper. Non-metallic raw materials are only mined on a small scale and do not contribute much to the value creation in the country. In the technical cooperation project "Promoting the non-metallic resource sector in Mauritania", BGR supports the National Agency for Geology and Mining ("Agence Nationale de Recherches Géologiques et du Patrimoine Minier" - ANARPAM) in creating a better information basis regarding domestic construction materials and industrial minerals. For this purpose, ANARPAM and BGR also carry out joint sampling campaigns (including drilling) in the field to locate and explore prospective occurrences of these raw materials. One of them is the kaolin occurrence of Hassi Abyad, which has now proven to be a promising deposit. The Kaolin Fact Sheet is the result of a field campaign and aims to advise potential national and international investors.

Le gisement de Kaolin d’Hassi Abyad en Mauritanie. Fact sheet (PDF, 2 MB)

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Title page Feldspar Potential in Namibia - – Evaluation of Economic Suitability

Feldspar Potential in Namibia – Evaluation of Economic Suitability

Namibia’s mining sector represents one of the most important pillars of the Namibian economy. However, non-metallic resources are only subordinately mined and local value addition of the mineral resources and subsequent processing remains below expectations. With the cooperation project “Sustainable Use of Namibia’s Mineral Potential”, BGR is supporting the Geological Survey of Namibia (GSN) with the aim of contributing to the Namibian “Growth at Home” Strategy by investigating the potential for local value addition of selected industrial minerals. Globally, the main consumers of feldspar are the ceramics and subordinately the glass industry. The feldspar potential study includes a description of feldspar occurrences in Namibia, different fields of industrial application and its chemical requirements as well as a comparison of Namibian occurrences with global markets. In a last step, feldspar samples from Namibia are evaluated regarding their potential suitability for different industrial applications.

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Title page Lithium Potential in Namibia – Evaluation of Economic Suitability

Lithium Potential in Namibia – Evaluation of Economic Suitability

Namibia’s mining sector represents one of the most important pillars of the Namibian economy. However, non-metallic resources are only subordinately mined and local value addition of the mineral resources and subsequent processing remains below expectations. With the cooperation project “Sustainable Use of Namibia’s Mineral Potential”, BGR is supporting the Geological Survey of Namibia (GSN) with the aim of contributing to the Namibian “Growth at Home” Strategy in the mining sector. In this context, the potential for local value addition of selected industrial minerals and raw materials are investigated. The lithium potential study includes a description of pegmatite-hosted lithium occurrences in Namibia, different fields of industrial application and its chemical requirements as well as a comparison of Namibian occurrences with global peers. In a last step, lithium-bearing samples from Namibia are evaluated regarding their potential suitability for different industrial applications. Lithium is primarily used for the production of lithium-ion-batteries as well as in the ceramics and glass industry.

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Mining Conditions and Trading Networks in Artisanal Copper-Cobalt Supply Chains in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2021)

Mining Conditions and Trading Networks in Artisanal Copper-Cobalt Supply Chains in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2021)

The present report is a follow-up study on the BGR’s report on the artisanal cobalt sector in the DR Congo, published in 2019. The report provides a detailed update on the situation on the ground, based on a new survey of 67 artisanal copper-cobalt mines. In addition, 116 trading depots were assessed for the first time, allowing an evaluation of local trading networks along artisanal cobalt and copper supply chains. The report provides an updated assessment on the socio-economic and legal situation of artisanal miners as well as on applicable risks such as child labour, the interference of security and other state services, health and safety concerns, as well as the mixing of artisanal and industrial cobalt production along the supply chain.

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Title page: Assessment of the Effects of Global Digitalization Trends on Sustainability in Mining - Part I

Title page: Assessment of the Effects of Global Digitalization Trends on Sustainability in Mining - Part II

Assessment of the effects of global digitalization trends on sustainability in mining –
Part I: Digitalization processes in the mining industry in the context of sustainability

Assessment of the effects of global digitalization trends on sustainability in mining –
Part II: Evaluation of digitalization trends and their effects on sustainability in the global mining sector

Digitalization is an important trend in the mining sector. Using sensors, large amounts of data are acquired, shared and evaluated in order to optimize mining operations and business processes; mine automation is progressing as well. In two complementary reports, the present study evaluates how these increasing digitalization trends impact on social, economic and ecological aspects of mining. The first study report provides on overview on the links between individual mining and digitalization processes. On this basis, the report provides a conceptual evaluation of these trends with regards to social, economic and ecological aspects of mining. The second study report expands this conceptual analysis and reflects on global implementation trends, based on feedback from mining sector practitioners.

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Mapping of the Artisanal Copper-Cobalt Mining Sector in the Provinces of Haut-Katanga and Lualaba in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Mapping of the Artisanal Copper-Cobalt Mining Sector in the Provinces of Haut-Katanga and Lualaba in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Forming the livelihood base for more than 100,000 artisanal miners and their families, artisanal and small-scale mining of copper and cobalt in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is of high local economic importance. Unlike the mining and trade of gold, tin and coltan in the eastern DR Congo, copper and cobalt mining takes place in the country’s southeastern part – without significant risks of violent conflicts between armed groups. However, as part of their due diligence obligations, international mineral buyers need to manage other risks that apply to their copper and cobalt supply chains originating in the DR Congo. This study offers insights into the current situation in the artisanal copper and cobalt mining sector based on an extensive mapping campaign implemented by the BGR and its partners in the context of the bilateral development cooperation framework with the DR Congo. The study presents both social-economic and legal baseline data on artisanal and small-scale mining as well as a detailed risk profile of the Congolese artisanal copper-cobalt sector with regards to supply chain due diligence and sustainability.

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Title page Handbook for Best Available Practice in Onshore Alluvial Tin Mine Reclamation in Indonesia

Handbook for Best Available Practice in Onshore Alluvial Tin Mine Reclamation in Indonesia
Indonesia is the world’s largest tin producer after China; the country represents the most important source for the supply of refined tin to the German industry. While most tin ore in Indonesia is currently mined offshore, the majority of historical tin production took place through onshore mining activities on the islands of Bangka and Belitung. The local environment has been significantly degraded due to the lack of adequate reclamation of former tin mining areas. The sustainable reclamation of mining areas continues to represent a significant ecological, social and financial challenge for mine operators, the government and local communities. The present reclamation handbook was developed by Indonesian experts as part of a scientific pilot cooperation project supported by the BGR. The handbook provides technical instructions for proper reclamation to be implemented by tin mine operators. Furthermore, the handbook serves as a practical illustration for reclamation standards whose implementation should be supported by responsible downstream stakeholders in international tin supply chains.

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Titelblatt der Studie "Traceability in Artisanal Gold Supply Chains in the Democratic Republic of the Congo - Lessons Learned from the Kampene Gold Pilot Project"

Traceability in Artisanal Gold Supply Chains in the Democratic Republic of the Congo – Lessons Learned from the Kampene Gold Pilot Project (2019)
With a global production value of approximately 14 billion US$ p.a., artisanal and small-scale mining of gold represents a major livelihood base for millions of people in developing countries. However, a range of formalization challenges prevent the sector from unlocking its full potential to contribute to sustainable economic development in these countries. The common lack of adequate management practices and an appropriately enforced legal framework in the sector often results in major environmental, social or health and safety issues. Traceability is a key factor for managing due diligence risks and supporting responsible mineral supply chains. This is of particular relevance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) where artisanal gold mining is associated with high risks for conflict financing and illegal activities by criminal networks. Within the German-Congolese development cooperation, the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources supports local partners in improving control in the mining sector as a base for responsible supply chains. On this background, the present report provides an overview on the implementation of a two-year pilot initiative aimed at improving gold supply chain traceability and responsible artisanal mining practice at the Kampene mine sites, Maniema province, in the eastern DRC.

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Titelblatt Responsible Gold Sourcing from Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining

Responsible Gold Sourcing from Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining

Gold refiners have different options when seeking to source gold from artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) in a responsible way. This report examines the responsible gold sourcing framework defined through applicable regulatory instruments as well as relevant industry and sustainability standards in gold supply chains. It then proceeds to analyzing questions of operational gold supply chain management. Further, the report explores incentives for possible supply chain participants, in particular ASM operators, to engage in legal supply chains. Finally, the study evaluates the parameters for establishing legal ASM supply chains in selected gold-producing developing countries.

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Sustainability Schemes for Mineral Resources: A Comparative Overview

Sustainability Schemes for Mineral Resources – A Comparative Overview

For the last two decades, several new sustainability schemes for the mining level and mineral supply chains have been developed that focus on various commodities, mining scales, supply chain tiers, countries and issues. That’s why the current debate is mostly about how sustainability schemes can better be harmonized and work together in order to improve stakeholders’ orientation and understanding of schemes, reduce costs for certification and deliver measurable progress in sustainability. This report presents a comparative overview of nineteen sustainability schemes, their features and moreover closer delineates focused management activities, differences in standard design, traceability, assurance and transparency of standard compliance. In order to provide comparability among sustainability requirements for the mining level in particular, the standard documents of the nineteen schemes were screened for relevant aspects and a consolidated framework of issues was developed. Furthermore, the extent of requirements of each scheme was estimated and visualized for each issue. Finally, the report gives recommendations for harmonization e.g. through a common modular standard. Harmonization could foster comparability and credibility which can result in greater uptake. Indeed, concerted efforts of numerous actors are needed to realize responsible mining worldwide. However, increased harmonization of standards will always depend on the willingness of the involved stakeholders to reach a consensus on objectives and approaches.

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Titelblatt Concepts and Strategies for the Designation and Management of ASM zones

Concepts and Strategies for the Designation and Management of ASM zones

In numerous developing countries, artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) generates considerable economic and social benefit from the mine through to the export of the products. At the same time, however, ASM is often accompanied by damage to the environment, large numbers of accidents, risks to health and human rights violations. Against this situation, the way that governments deal with ASM is often reactive.
However, for governments there is a range of realistic options for proactive actions that can reduce the risks associated with ASM, focusing on the formalization of ASM.
One of the options to assist the formalization of ASM is to allocate land with mineral potential, the so called “ASM zones” to the ASM sector. Based on experience gained in selected countries, the BGR developed procedures that enable such small-scale mining zones to be designated and managed. The aim is to give state institutions in partner countries appropriate instruments to improve planning and regulation of ASM.

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Efficiency of Mineral Processing in Rwanda’s Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Sector

Efficiency of Mineral Processing in Rwanda's Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Sector. Quantitative Comparison of Traditional Techniques and Basic Mechanized Procedures

The efficiency and economic sustainability of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) practices is often considered as low. This refers to both mining as well as subsequent mineral processing through manual techniques. The present study evaluates traditional processing techniques for tin, tantalum and tungsten ASM operations in Rwanda with regards to ore concentrates and intermediary processing products. In parallel, bulk ore samples from these mines were processed using basic mechanized procedures in order to compare the efficiency of both processing approaches. Using a combination of different mineral price scenarios, investment levels, as well as operational, technical and geochemical sample data from the investigated ASM mines, the economic feasibility of mineral processing is evaluated. On this base, the study then discusses cost effectiveness and economies of scale for mechanized mineral processing in the Rwandan ASM sector.

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Titelblatt der Studie "Analytical Tools to Constrain the Origin of Gold from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas"

Analytical Tools to Constrain the Origin of Gold from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas

Together with iron ore and copper, gold forms the economically most important product of the mining sector. The global production from gold mines is worth well above USD 100 billion, with about 10% of gold coming from artisanal and small-scale mining. Hundreds of thousands of small-scale gold miners operate in conflict-affected and high-risk areas such as the eastern DR Congo. These gold supply chains are mostly informal and of limited transparency. Adequate mechanisms to track, trace and ensure the integrity of gold along the supply chain are of increasing importance for due diligence and risk management. Analysis of the composition of gold in order to constrain its origin and formation is done in different areas of application such as archaeometry, forensics, ore deposit geology, and product testing. This study provides an overview of the main methods of gold analysis and correlates these with the structure of upstream gold supply chains, using the DR Congo as a case study. The study aims to elaborate scenarios illustrating how, at a practical level, scientific methods may contribute to questions with regards to the origin of gold in the context of supply chain due diligence.

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Titelblatt der Studie "Supply and Demand of Lithium and Gallium"

Supply and Demand of Lithium and Gallium

This study was compiled by the Information Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China (ICMLR) and the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources of Germany (BGR) within the framework of an agreement on a scientific cooperation on geological sciences and techniques signed 1979 by the Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China and the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy of the Federal Republic of Germany.

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Titelblatt der Studie "Phosphat - Mineralischer Rohstoff und unverzichtbarer Nährstoff für die Ernährungssicherheit weltweit"

Phosphat - Mineralischer Rohstoff und unverzichtbarer Nährstoff für die Ernährungssicherheit weltweit

Phosphate and its resultant fertilizer are along with nitrogen and potash the most important nutrients for agricultural plant growth. From an international point of view huge differences in the amount of phosphate used and in-situ soil-contents from developing and industrial countries are observable. To provide and sustain a high level of food security, it is a necessity that in the course of upcoming development cooperation a sufficient supply and usage of phosphate will be assured, to be able to guarantee a sustainable increase of the agricultural production and rural development.

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Titelblatt der Studie "Assessing and Enhancing the Contribution of Small and Medium-scale Enterprises to Due Diligence for Responsible Mineral Supply Chains"

Assessing and Enhancing the Contribution of Small and Medium-scale Enterprises to Due Diligence for Responsible Mineral Supply Chains (2015)

Reporting and Management requirements according to the internationally acknowledged OECD Due Diligence Guidance apply for the entire supply chain of the so-called conflict minerals. The majority of companies are small and medium enterprises (SME). As a contribution to the implementation of the OECD guidance BGR commissioned a study addressing the question of how SME in industrialized countries and emerging economies cope with international reporting and management requirements related to mineral resources from conflict-affected areas.

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Titelblatt der Studie "Evaluation of Mining Revenue Streams and Due Diligence"

Evaluation of Mining Revenue Streams and Due Diligence Implementation Costs along Mineral Supply Chains in Rwanda

The present analysis report evaluates the revenue distribution along upstream mineral supply chains in Rwanda, starting from the level of individual artisanal miners right until the point of exporting the mineral concentrate to international metal smelters. In doing so, the report provides a qualified sample for assessing the contribution of artisanal and small-scale mining with regards to local livelihoods. This analysis is complemented by an estimate of the costs for supply chain due diligence as applicable for “conflict minerals” (tin, tantalum and tungsten ores) that are nowadays required for the international marketing of Rwandan minerals. Thus, the report provides an impression as to the “fairness” of responsible conflict mineral supply chains originating from central-eastern Africa.

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Titelblatt der Studie "Mineral Supply Chain Due Diligence Audits and Risk Assessments in the Great Lakes Region"

Mineral Supply Chain Due Diligence Audits and Risk Assessments in the Great Lakes Region

A range of international initiatives attempts to institutionalize supply chain due diligence for conflict minerals (tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold). Third party audits form an important part of the due diligence assurance process. While some initiatives are complementary, others appear to duplicate each other, resulting in ineffective and unsustainable spending of limited funds. The present report analyzes “core system” audit requirements for due diligence and looks at the way these audits are operationalized by different initiatives, with a view to support efforts of horizontal and vertical alignment among these initiatives.

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Titelblatt der Studie "Certifying Natural Resources"

Certifying Natural Resources

Certification of natural resources aims at improving sustainability of resource use on a global scale. During the last years many initiatives have been developed also in the mineral sector. Therefore, BGR commissioned a research project for evaluating eight established schemes addressing certification and standard setting in the mineral sector. The central research question was: which initiatives can be regarded as successful and what factors lead to this success.

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Titelblatt Rohstoffwirtschaftliche Einordnung

Studie: Vorkommen und Produktion mineralischer Rohstoffe - ein Ländervergleich (PDF, 11 MB) = Reserves, Resources and Production of Mineral Materials - A Country Comparison

Due to an increasing demand, countries rich in mineral resources are gaining greater significance. A global evaluation shows the different importance of mine and refined productions for the world markets, for the supply of Germany and for the producing countries themselves. China and Brazil, for instance, are internationally among the most important producers of mineral commodities – but for the national economies this sector is of less importance. In contrast, mineral commodities dominate the economies of countries like Zambia or the Democratic Republic of Congo.

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Arktis

The Mineral Raw Materials Potential in the Arctic

TheThe global competition for raw materials has increased significantly over the past 15 years, mainly driven by the raw materials demand of the developing economies and newly industrialized countries, notably China. This resulted in risingand strongly volatile raw materials prices and supply risks. In consequence, it triggered exploration activities, also focusing on the Arctic regions. Because of the climate change, the Arctic regions are, in general, of growing geo-political and geo-economical importance. For this reason, the BGR has compiled and analyzed mineral raw materials information and evaluated raw materials potential of the continental Arctic regions in four comprehensive reports.

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Investor's Guide Mongolia

Industrial Minerals and Selected Rare Metals in Mongolia. An Investor's Guide (PDF, 26 MB)

Mongolia is rich in mineral deposits. However, most of them have not been evaluated by western standards yet. A modern evaluation is vital when trying to attract international investment in this developing East-Asian country. On behalf of the German Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), the BGR re-evaluated a wide array of mineral deposits. As a result, a comprehensive report on the potential of selected industrial minerals and metals in Mongolia was published in 2011 in collaboration with the Mineral Resources Authority of Mongolia (MRAM).

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Titelblatt Rohstoffwirtschaftliche Bewertung der Länder Afrikas, Asiens, der Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten (GUS) mit Georgien und Südamerikas im Hinblick auf die Bedeutung für Deutschland. September 2010

Rohstoffwirtschaftliche Bewertung der Länder Afrikas, Asiens, der Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten (GUS) mit Georgien und Südamerikas im Hinblick auf die Bedeutung für Deutschland = Mining and Mineral Economy Related Evaluation of Countries in Africa, Asia, South Amerika and the former CIS

The German economy is highly dependent on the import of a variety of raw materials, especially metals and high-tech raw materials. In order to secure the raw materials supply and to meet an increasing demand for these commodities, the mineral resource-rich countries, especially the developing and emerging countries, are coming into the focus of the German economy and foreign policy. The study screens and ranks the countries in Africa, South America, Asia and the CIS with regard to the respective country’s importance as a potential raw materials producer and possible supplier for the German industry.

In the context of the German Government’s raw materials strategy, the study is a means to identify countries for a mineral resource partnership. The objectives are supporting especially developing countries in the sustainable use of their raw materials potentials and their integration into the international commodity markets and on the other hand securing the sustainable supply of mineral raw materials for Germany.

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Titelblatt Industrial Minerals in Tanzania: An Investor's Guide

Industrial Minerals in Tanzania - An Investor's Guide (Investorenhandbuch Tansania) (PDF, 34 MB)

The mining sector in Tanzania has developed strongly within the past ten years. For the Tanzanian government the development of domestic industrial mineral deposits was important in order to reduce expensive imports of these commodities due to a growing industrialization. In 2008, the BGR compiled a comprehensive report on the industrial mineral potential of this developing East-African country.

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Title page "Government Revenues from the Extractive Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa - a potential for funding the United Nations Millenium Development Goals", 2009

Government Revenues from the Extractive Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa - a potential for funding the United Nations Millenium Development Goals? (PDF, 1,003 KB)

The past boom in mineral commodity prices has raised the awareness that revenues from the mining sector could enable resource-rich countries in Africa to mobilize additional domestic funds towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MDGs – agreed in 2000 by the Millennium Summit of the United Nations are eight international development goals. They include reducing extreme poverty and hunger, achieve universal primary education, fighting epidemics such as AIDS, and developing a global partnership for development. However, there is still a lack of medium and long-term projections to what extent the extractive sector can make a difference in funding the MDGs, especially for non-major oil producing sub-Saharan countries. This is especially true with respect to the current turmoil in the world economy and mineral commodity markets.
The study by the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) estimates potential revenues from the extractive sector in different scenarios up to 2015 using assumptions such as baseline world market prices, fiscal regimes, and the development of additional production capacity. The four case study countries include Ghana, Namibia, Mozambique and Zambia and cover different mineral commodities such as copper, diamonds, gold, oil and others.

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Titelblatt - Kurzstudie - Die Rohstoffindustrie der Russischen Föderation

Kurzstudie "Die Rohstoffindustrie der Russischen Föderation" (PDF, 2 MB)= Summary Report "The Mineral Resources Industry of the Russian Federation

On the occasion of the 2nd German-Russian Mineral Resources Conference in St. Petersburg, March 27 – 28, 2009, the BGR published a report on “The Mineral Resources Industry of the Russian Federation”. It provides information on the Russian mineral potential, the mining industry, the mineral trade and relevant developments in the mining sector. The report updates a mineral resources study on the Russian Federation published by the BGR in 2003: Rohstoffwirtschaftliche Länderstudien, XXX (in German) and predates the report on the mineral potential of Russia, published by the AHK, DERA, and gtai in 2012: Rohstoffgigant Russland – Vorkommen, Projekte, Partnerschaften (in German).


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